Book Reviews

Book Reviews Immigration of the Irish Quakers into Pennsylvania, 1682-1750, With Their Early History in Ireland. By Albert Cook Myers. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1969. [Reprint of the 1902 edition.] xxii, 477 p. Illustrations, maps, facsimiles, tables, appendix, bibliography, mdex. $15.00.) The reprinting of this indispensable work on Irish Quakers in Pennsylvania by the Genealogical Publishing Company should be welcomed enthusiastically by both genealogists and historians. Here in one volume as combined a succinct account of the background and history of Quakers in Ireland and then in Pennsylvania with a wealth of genealogical data on many of them. The work is divided into three parts. The first, in effect, is an introduction to the planting of Quakerism 'm Ireland. It includes a short account of the Cromwellian settlements there, the efforts of early Quaker ministers to establish meetings in the country, and a general relation of conditions in England contributing to the Quaker migration. The last chapter of this first part discusses the racial origin of Irish Friends. The second part deals with the migration of Irish Friends to Pennsylvania. The causes, inducements, and ways and means of migration are enlarged upon. A statistical table, between pages 82 and 83, shows that the 440 known adult emigrants came in the main from the various meetings in the provinces of Ulster, Leinster and Munster. From this table it appears that the years of greatest migration were 1682-1683, 1711-1714, 1716-1717, 1724-1730, and 1736-1738, though there was a small trickle of emigrants in all of the intervening years, with 16 coming in 1741, and 14 in 1750. The third part logically covers the Irish Friends in Pennsylvania. There is a chapter on their places of settlement and the meetings established in the Province, summarized by a statistical table between pages 106 and 107, showing to which meeting; Irish Friends belonged, and the year of their arrival. Another chapter on their social life includes a section on their homes, equipment, dress, and typical business of the meetings. The last chapter in this part is devoted to biographical sketches of prominent Irish Friends. The Appendix, comprising fully a third of the volume, includes abstracts of certificates of removal received at various Pennsylvania Monthly Meetings, to which are appended numerous biographical notes, extracts from Irish Friends records, and concludes with genealogical sketches of varying length of the Wright, Farquhar, McMillan, Marsh, Mackey and Moore families. An 11-page bibliography is especially useful for its listing of manuscript sources, even though the location given of such sources in many cases is out of date. Included throughout the work are many transcripts of early letters, extracts from meeting minutes, transcripts of certificates, and facsimiles of signatures of early Irish Friends. The work is so full of genealogical data is it a pity the index is so inadequate. Nevertheless, the whole work is well worth study, giving as it does so many insights into the early years of the province. HANNAH BENNER ROACH 191 192 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Historic Background and Annals of the SlaiSS and German Pioneer Settlers of Southeastern Pennsylvania, and of their Remote Ancestors, From the Middle of the Dark Ages, Down to the Revolutionary War. By H. Frank Eshleman. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1969. [Reprint] [ii], 386 p. Indices. $12.50.) The reprint revolution is making available once more many rare volumes of Americana that are of use to Pennsylvania genealogists. It is a pleasure to note the reappearance of this Eshleman volume which was published originally in Lancaster in 1917. It is a strange but in many ways a valuable hook, heart silly and wonderfully made, so to speak. The full title betrays its major limitation, its naive dependence on earlier racialist attitudes and its ethnocentrism which always manages to find something to praise about the forefathers, and only rarely sees them as human beings. The book includes 355 pages of double-column, newspaper-style text, divided not into chapters but into short sections with sub-titles. The arrangement, as one would suspect from the word "annals" in the title, is chronological; several seasons are repeated under several dates, as with Redmond Conyngham's early statements on the Amish (pp. 208, 353). A total of 121 pages deals with the European background, before the foundation of Germantown in 1683. These background materials sketch for the reader the history of the Anabaptist (Mennonite) movement in Switzerland and Holland, with, to my taste, an overemphasis on the Ni7aldensian theory of Anabaptist origins. The principal emphasis is on the persecutions endured by the supposed ancestors of the Lancaster County Mennonites and Amish. Indeed, throughout the book there is an orientation toward Lancaster County genealogy, with a lot of pertinent and historically correct identification of family backgrounds in Europe (as, for example, the story of the Land.,s families of Canton Zurich, pp. 74-76), but with too many imprecise attempts at identification. Eshleman identifies the name Feserer as "much like our Lancaster County Feree" (p. 31), and says of the Netherlands surname Meliss that it "may be the Dutch form of Meiley" (p. 54). Meiley (Meili) is of course a Swiss name, of Canton Zurich background, with no possible connection to the Netherlands surname to whsch he refers. "1639 —The Hess Family Appear in History" (p. 88); "1640 —More Eastern Pennsylvania Ancestry Suffer" (p. 92); and "1660— List of Ancient Lancaster County Ancestors m Berne Jail" (p. 104), are examples of this imprecise identification. Unfortunately Eshleman also spells the names of European "ancestors" in the distinctly Americanized forms assumed by the Swiss in Pennsylvania: Brubaker, Graybill, Brackbill, Gingrich, Newswanger and Snavely, to name a few. Apart from this unfortunate shifting of emphasis, and the constant misspelling of words (Calvanism, Eglisan, Bendict, 'Weidertaufers, etc.), the account does give the reader a sense of what it most have meant to be a sectarian Christian in the intolerant age of the state church, when imprisonment, banishment and death were the penalty for opposing, indeed for separating from the Reformed state churches. Eshleman bases his account on standard European Anabaptist historiography of the late mneteenth century. These include the volumes by Ernst Muller, Geschichte her bernischen Thufer, A. Brons, Anabaptists or Mennonites of Europe, Emil Egli', work on Anabaptists in Zurich, Ziiricher WiedertaMfer, and the old European work, well known in Pennsylvania, the Martyrs Mirror. While there are no footnotes citing sources, page citations are frequently made within the text to such works, so that one can check Eshleman's statements. I can recall, for instance, that reading Eshleman for the first time in my high school days introduced me to certain documentary sources, such as Muller, for my own Lancaster County Book Reviews 193 families, which I had not at the time read. I have since checked the original documentation in the Bernese Archives, and found that in many cases, for those who do not read German, Eshleman is a fairly reliable guide to what is available in Muller, with respect to the Swiss families of the Anabaptist strain who have at least the some names as those borne by Lancaster County's Mennonite population. The American materials in Eshleman are of the same quality and value. There are countless typographical errors and some obvious mistakes. But for the century from 1683 to 1782, when Eshleman closes his research, the book provides a fairly accurate, and of ten interesting, chronicle of emigration to and life in Pennsylvania. He has carefully 'used the ship lists, the Colonial Records, various series of the Pennsylvania Archives, Hazard's Register, Rupp's History of Lancaster County, and comes up with a readable account. Source material which he quotes on the motivation of the Swiss Mennonite emigration to Pennsylvania is important, such as the Benedict Brechbiihl letters and reports, given in detail. With the story of the migration we get a sense of the European connections of Mennonitism — even the somewhat startling suggestion that the Prussian territories of Lithuania (pp. 152-153) were at one time under consideration as a refuge for the Swiss exiles who instead came to Pennsylvania, and in fact gave to Lancaster County its distinctive character. Again, the fostering love of the Dutch Mennonites for their persecuted brethren is seen in the work of the Dutch Mennonite Committee set up in 1660 to aid the Swiss Anabaptists; the committee had much to do with getting the Swiss refugees safely settled in Pennsylvania. In the colonial Amencan sections of Eshleman's book we do get a bit more than a narrow Lancaster County genealogical viewpoint. He quotes many colonial documents on what was then referred to as the "Palatine problem" or the "German question." He describes the laws passed by the colonial Assembly enabling these foreigners to be naturalized, to own and bequeath property. He quotes materials on the health conditions on the emigrant ships. The wider extent of German eighteenth century emigration is treated (Nova Scotia, pp. 313-314; Massachusetts, p. 319), and he is careful to give material on the spread of the Pennsylvania German population, particularly the sects, to Virginia and other parts of the South. His American materials are enlivened by many quotations from the colonial newspapers. Included also are some amusing election reports in which the "city party" referred to "Broadbrims and Dutch dogs," and rioting sailors to "Dutch s - s of b s," from which it appears that ethnic acculturation in Penn's Woods was not always so irenic as we had thought. The book is useful as a guide to genealogical material, particularly on Lancaster County Mennonite families. The errors, apart from those stemming from the author's naivete about European backgrounds, are in the vast majority of cases typographical. Is there a possibility that the original edition was inadequately proofread? Or, as Elizabeth Kieffer once suggested to me, possibly Eshleman was one of those scholars who could not read his own research notes once they were cold. The book concludes with two indices. The first is a subject or "Item" index of eleven pages. Eshleman notes that it is probable "some items are inadvertently omitted from this index." The second index, having a similar note heading it, is a surname index of nineteen pages. Dow YODER 194 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Pennsylvania Genealogies Chiefly Scotch-Irish and German. By William Henry Egle. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1969. [Reprint of 2nd edition, 1896.] yid., 798 P. Index. $22.50.) This is a welcome reprint of the second edition, published in 1896, of Dr. Egle's work. That edition incorporated "corrections and additions" to the first edition which came out in 1886, and enlarged it from 720 pages to the present 798 pages. The volume is primarily concerned with families which, for the most part, settled in the extreme upper regions of colonial Chester County, Pennsylvania, in that portion set off in 1728 to form Lancaster County. In general these families took root initially in what later became the townships of Hanover, Donegal, Derry and Paxtang (in the future Dauphin County). Later generations of some of these migrated to Cumberland, Juniata and Centre Counties. A few of the early families settled on the frontiers of what became Northampton County in 1752. Of the 55 major families included in the work, fully two-thirds are of Scotch-Irish ancestry, the remainder being of German or Swiss origin. Where possible Dr. Egle has given data, gleaned apparently from family records and tradition, on the European backgrounds, and has carried some, though not all lines, down to the late nineteenth century. Dr. Egle was not a professional genealogist or a trained historian in the modern sense. But as he noted in his own bihgraphical sketch (pp. 173-176) in this book, he had acquired "an early taste for historical research." When in 1866 he returned from the army, where he had served as chief medical officer, he began the preparation of his History of Pennsylvania which was published ten years later in the Centennial year of 1876. This was followed by the first volumes of that mine of information, Notes and Queries, Historical, Biographical and Genealogical, published between 1878 and 1882. Then came histories of Dauphin and Lebanon Counties, and two volumes of his Historical Register in 1883 and 1884. Writing thus at a period when public records and family papers had not yet been widely mattered or lost, be had access to information which today at best is difficult or too often impossible to substantiate from the original sources. Even though this collection of genealogical studies is relatively undocumented, it remains an important and useful guide for those researchers exploring the families of this area where source material is of ten hard to locate. HANNAH BENNER ROACH The Highland Clans. By Sir lain Moncre:ffe of that Ilk, Albany Herald. (New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., 1969. 263 p. Illustrations, index. $10.00.) This reviewer had the advantage of first seeing this work in the author's hands, and of hearing the author's own opinions of its shortcomings and values. Since that time he has aim received a letter from the author which states, in part, "My book, on their [the publisher's] remote orders, was cut by 1/3 at the last moment & not by me! — throwing it off balance — they wouldn't even let me correct the proofs for the captions to the illustrations (pleading danger of ruin at the hands of each other if the time schedules were missed) — & they chose the tartans without consulting me while I was abroad for five days. Nor was I allowed to see those hideous badges until it was too late to criticise them on any other grounds than strict accuracy." One can certainly commiserate with an author whose wishes are so flouted, with pictures that he would have preferred omitted from the publication and ones that he c.4.1 Book Reviews 195 little about used, texts regarding smaller families left intact, while some covering the great clans were cut unmercifully. Yet the work has survived this mistreatment surprisingly well. It is very readable as are all the author's works, authoritative, and the anecdotal material is fascinating. This reviewer has always preferred letterpress for cleaner reproduction and better definition of details. The offset used in this book is, however, of good quality, and the eight pages of tartans at the end of the text are true, if somewhat muddy. The end papers are particularly interesting. The front papers show the genealogical tree of the descent of the Highland Clans from the Norse Kings, and at the back the descent of those clans from "Niall of the Nine Hostages" and the kings of Dal Riada. Of interest is the picture of the author in court attire on page 40 (though not one of the clearer illustrations), and the views of his ancestral home on pages 230-233. Sir fain Moncreiffe, who is a Corresponding Member of the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania, in November, 1969, was unanimously elected a Fellow of the American Society of Genealogists. If you have an interest in the Highland Clans, then this is the book for you, written by one of the best authorities. It is delightful for browsing, and invaluable for reference. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR, The Petty and Francis Families and Allied Lines. By Zora Petty Billingsley. (Amarillo, Texas: Privately printed, 1967. 175 p. Illustrations, facsimiles, coats of arms, index. $15.00.) This volume represents the result of research on the Petty family of South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama, the Nelson family of Virginia, and the Stephens family of Virginia and Missouri. Although the author states that the record is based on "documentary and other legitimate evidence," except for the facsimiles reproduced, none of these sources have been noted in the publication. The book is divided into four parts, the first two being devoted to the Petty and Francis families. The author commences these lines at the fifth generation, with the notation that the first four generations are not known, but that research is continuing on them. No explanation is given for the assumption that the progenitors Thomas Jefferson 5 Petty, born in South Carolina m 1801, and Robert Henry 5 Francis, born in Virgima in 1805, were fifth generation Americans. The corresponding fifth generations on the Nelson family line (in Part Three), Enrico Decatur Nelson, was born in Virginia in 1831, and on the Stephens line (in Part Four), Armistead H. ° Stephens, was born in 1854. A variance of 53 years within a single generation would indicate that the progenitors arrived at varying dates. Since it is not known when the Francis or Petty ancestor arrived, the use of an arbitrary fifth generation is not clear. Mrs. Billingsley traces the succeeding generations of the Petty family from South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama on to Texas, Oklahoma and Idaho. The Francis progeny migrated to Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, as well as to Texas, Colorado and other western states. One interesting aspect of this study is that it covers the records of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries exclusively - Although vital statistics of the twentieth century 196 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine may be more readily available to genealogical researchers, those of the nineteenth are notoriously sparse and inconsistent. In addition, the author includes many family narratives which lend much human interest to the work. These reflect a great deal of the research done by Mrs. Billingsley. Part Three of this work is titled "The Nelson Excursus," and Part Four, "The Stephens Excursus." Both of these lines are treated in less detailed narrative than the Petty and Francis families; they do, however, commence with the first American progenitor. The book is well-illustrated with photographs and sketches of the people and places treated in the narrative. On the whole, however, the work might be best described as a pleasant family record book rather than a scholarly genealogical work. It may be ordered from Mrs. Billuagsley, 1003 West 48th Ave., Amarillo, Texas, 79110. Included but not bound with the book is an 11-page booklet entitled Suppkotent No. 1 which was issued in January, 1969. This contains births, marriages and deaths not included in the original work. Four pages are given to "Corrections and/or Additions" relating to some of the persons included in the original book. It has its own index. DOROTHEE HUGHES CAROUSSO The Royal House of Stuart. By A. C. Addington. Volume I. (London: Charles Skilton, Ltd., 1969. xiii, 430 p. Portraits. i18 18s. or $46.00 the set.) This is the first volume of a massive folio set (12'/a" X10") in fine heavy binding and high quality heavy paper, illustrated with portents of a number of persons named in the text. The purpose of the work is to bring together as completely as possible a tabular listing of all legitimate descendants of King James VI of Scotland and I of England, with the dates and places of their births, marriages and deaths, as well as of the spouses together with the identification of the spouse's father. Though the multiple marriages of the royal descendants are shown, no dates of divorces are given, and no other marriages of the spouse appear, nor is there any indication whether the spouse left progeny by any other marriage. There is no effort to include any biographical data, not even orders of knighthaod or subsidiary titles. The arrangement of this work is not very easy to follow. The grouping of descendants in families stemming from earlier descendants, rather than keeping the members of each generation together in the same order in each generation, makes it extremely difficult to trace back the ancestry of anyone in the book. To make this even more difficult, the sketch of each person fails to identify his parentage, and there is no numbering system to go by. Once the second volume is issued, in which will be the index for the two volumes, perhaps this difficulty will be somewhat relieved. This reviewer understands that there is a third volume under study to include some of the more prominent illegitimate lines, such as, for instance, those of the Dukes of Monmouth and Berwick who had a great influence on history. It is certainly to be hoped that all known illegitimate lines be included, since the Stuart blood flows as generously through them as through the legitimate lines. The author notes that with the death of Henry, Cardinal York, the legitimate male line of Stuart ended. However, there are many uninterrupted male lines of Stuart still flourishing through one illegitimate step or 55000 and surely these do not lack interest. Book Reviews 197 One can only be amazed at the immense amount of work that has gone into the preparation of this book. This set is a "must" for any reference library or for any person studying these royal families. It will certainly be widely used and quoted. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. Climbing our Family Tree Systematically. By George Olin Zabriskie. (Salt Lake City: Parliament Press, 1969. xii, 222 p. Appendices, index. $6.95.) This newest "how-to-do-it" book, in Mr. Zabriskie's own words, is intended to show, in writing, "how to conduct genealogical research, as such, regardless of specific location and nature of record materials." Too often the beginner gets lost in a bewildering maze of data accumulated in his searching because he has not first established an overall plan. Mr. Zabriskie's aim is to help the beginner avoid tins pitfall by his discussion of the "planning, searching, recording, evaluating, analyzing and problem solving" necessary for systematic research. He proceeds to cover each of these areas in 12 chapters, interlarding his discussion of each point with examples from his own research. He includes numerous tables which list and evaluate various types of records. Five appendices follow the last chapter. The first, "Basic Terms used in Genealogical Research" seems a bit misleading.. Rather than defining the usual genealogical terms met with in various countries and periods of time, he has provided a dictionary of such words as "Problem," "Solution," "Research," "Judgement," etc. Appendix B deals with "The Problems of When? Time and the Calendars." Since the beginner of ten finds "time" confusing, he has provided a useful summation of the subject. Appendix C, labelled "Thinking and Reading," to some degree is an extension of his discussion on the evaluation of evidence. Appendix D includes 14 case histories and the problems encountered in their solution, the last appendix 12 additional case histories chosen to demonstrate systematic genealogical research. The index includes personal names of actual persons mentioned in the entire text, but not those of imaginary persons mentioned. This book is not one to be read as a novel, or dipped into for light reading, and while it is true that one man's meat is another man's poison, a serious beginner should find this work a useful study and reference guide. HANNAH BENNER ROACH Anglo - Norman England 1066- 1154. By Michael Altschul. (New York: Published for the Conference on British Studies Bibliographical Handbooks by Cambridge University Press, 1969. 71 p. Index. $5.95.) The author will be familiar to many for his A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clam, 1217 - 1314 (Johns Hopkins Press, 1965), reviewed in this Magazine in Volume XXIV (No. 4, 1966), 301. The present work is an excellent bibliography, though as the preface admits, a selected one, for the period of the title. It includes both books and articles, the latter sometimes being in a periodical, and sometimes in a collected work. The titles under which the works are listed are: Bibliographies; Catalogues, Guides and Handbooks; General Surveys; Constitutional and Administrative History; Political History; Foreign Relations; Social History; Economic History; Agricultural History; Science and Technology; Military and Naval History; Religious History; History of the 198 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Fine Arts; Intellectual History. There is no genealogical heading and, surp4singly enough, none for local history, either of which would have been most useful. Under Social History many of the fine county histories are listed, including Hodgson's Northumberland, but not the newer and more accurate multi-volume set of the New County History of Northumberland. Ormerod's Cheshire appears under Constitutional and Administrative History; Raine's North Durham under Religious History, while Clutterbuck's Hertfordshire, Manning and Bray's Surrey, Collinson's Somerset, Poulson's Holderness and Blore's Rutland are missing. Under Social History, however, are listed the Pipe Roll series, Early Yorkshire Charters, Lloyd's Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families, many of Frank Stenton's works, the Domesday publications, and the Place Names series. Included here also are Anthony Wagner's English Genealogy and his English Ancestry (an abridgement of the former), his Historic Heraldry of Britain, Heralds and Heraldry in the Middle Ages and his article "Heraldry" in Poole's Medieval England, Volume I. Not listed as his extensive Heralds of England, published in 1969. The best of the peerage works, and the only one cited, The Complete Peerage, appears under Catalogues, Guides and Handbooks. The Victoria County Histories (of which the author gratuitously remarks that the series "continues its obsolescent way") are found under General Surveys. Dickinson's Nest' History of Scotland, and Runmman's History of the Crusades, are found under Foreign Relations, while Farrer's Honours and Knights' Fees appear under Military and Naval History. The cartularies appear to be all listed under Religious History. The descriptive material under each title is good, and though this bibliography is directed to the study of a period rather than to the requirements of a genealogist or local historian, if one is careful to check all headings, and to examine the index, it can still be most helpful in the research of family history. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. The Genealogist's Encyclopedia. By Leslie G. Pine. (New York: Weybright & Talley, 1969. 360 p. Illustrations, glossaries, index. $12.50.) The definition of the word encyclopedia is "a work containing information on all subjects, or exhaustive on one subject." This volume is neither one. The work is basically a re-write (with the omission of the American portion, and the addition of much historical background and of data on peerage law and titles) of the same author's American Origins, published by Doubleday in 1960. This earlier. work went out of print almost at once, but was reprinted in 1967, In reviewing this earlier work in this Magazine (Volume XXII, No. 2, 1961). this reviewer noted two errors: (1) what he assumed to be a misprmt in the date given for the first Federal Census of the United States, as 1791, and (2) the entirely untrue statement that the Committee on Heraldry of the New England Historic Genealogical Society registered all onus offered to it, regardless of how the applicant came to possess them. In point of fact, this Committee scrupulously determines whether the immigrant had the right to the coat of arms under the laws of his country of origin, or if the person for whom registration is requested had a grant of arms from a foreign source recognized to have the power to grant arms. Only if one of these two is proven does the Committee register . the coat. This reviewer was surprised to note that these same two errors are repeated in this volume in 1969 (p. 82 for the U.S. Census, and p. 219 for the Committee on Heraldry)- Book Reviews 199 The present book is divided into three parts, the first, of 156 pages, being devoted to "Genealogy." The first chapters discuss quite readably and lucidly the background and values of the science, and provide a thumbnail history of western Europe and of the British Isles in particular from the beginnings to the time of written pedigrees. One variance noted from history as reported by Irish scholars appears on page 23 and again on page 104. Here Mr. Pine refers to the early four divisions of Ireland: Ulster, Connaught, Leinster and Munster. Dillon and Chadwick, in Celtic Realms, published 111 1967, on pages 35 and 36 have shown that there were probably ha fact five divisions, the fifth being Meath. . . Though the author is undoubtedly correct that onginally communist countries were not much interested in genealogy (p. 20), this is not now altogether true of the western ones. The fine Polish Genealogia by Wlodzimierz Dworzaczek (Warsaw, 1967), covers a great number of landed Polish families, and is available from the state agency at a very reasonable price. On page 34, Mr. Pine calls Vladimir Monomachus "Tzar of Russia," a title that was unknown until it was adopted by the cadet branch of the Rurikides in Moscow some four centuries later. Vladimir was the Grand Prince of Kiev. In two places (pp. 32, 50) the author says that it is very doubtful there is a RomanoBritish strain in the English people. Perhaps he forgets the Roman custom of giving land around the castrum to retired legionnaires and encouraging them to marry local girls and raise children to augment the legions when the need arose. The pattern was general, and we know that this custom was followed by the legions stationed in Britain. This reviewer would consider it almost certain that a strain of Roman blood ran in the British families that remained after the legions withdrew, but of course no one can prove this one way or the other. While Mr. Pine cites Marshall's Guide (together with Whitmore's Guide, which continues it) as an index to printed pedigrees (pp. 72, 73), he indicates that it is out of print. However, this book has been available in facsimile print for two years, and is advertised for sale in England. Burke's Guide to the Parish Registers, mentioned as out of print (p. 76), has been similarly available for the last seven years. His listings of Scottish works might also include Joan P. S. Ferguson's Scottish Family Histories in Scottish Libraries (Scottish Central Library, Edinburgh, 1906). The Isle of Man could certainly use more than eight lines for an inventory and location of its records (p. 100). The Channel Islands get only a little more space, and though seven of them are named in the first two lines (p. 100), and the last five are stated to be dependent on the first two, the text does not show on which the islands of Herm, Jethou, and Brechou are dependent, nor where their records may be found. The Irish records get more detailed treatment, although the Bible for them is still Mrs. Margaret Palley's two-volume Irish and Scotch- Irish Ancestral Research, published in 1961, which is not mentioned. The continental material offered is only a brief survey; all the countries from Portugal to the Ural Mountains are covered in 36 pages. The chapter entitled "The Orient and Latin America" is only four pages long, with two and a half of these devoted to Japan, and one half page for all Latin America. Chapter 10 supplies a useful 20 -page essay on Jewry, helpful primarily for that portion covering Palestine. Mr. Pine has acquired a well-deserved reputation for his excellent work in correcting and improving some of the more improbable pedigrees enshrined in the Burke publications. Even so, one wonders why he only mentions these same Burke publications, and does not cite anywhere the best of all peerage works in Britain today. the 14-volume 200 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Complete Peerage, the revised edition of which was only completed a few years ago. Also as an experienced genealogist, Mr. Pine must know the value of the apprenticeship records of the many guilds, but has not mentioned them. Had he furnished a list of these guilds and the custodians of their records, he would have supplied a great void in the catalogues of genealogical source material. Also unmentioned are the many lists of per sons transported and of those who paid their passage by indenturing themselves; such lists are valuable tools in finding the point of origin of colonists. In the second part of the book, the author returns to his first interest, heraldry, devoting 44 pages to this subject, and including many pen and ink sketches. There appears to be a misprint (p. 218) where he states that "In English Heraldry such a grant is carried on to all [my italics] descendants of the original grantee ...." Surely he means descendants in the uninterrupted male line of the original grantee. There is no discussion of hatchment. and their use in genealogy, of Papworth's Ordinary of Arms, nor of the procedures for identifying coats so that one may be led to the clues they will give to genealogists. The balance of this section (67 pages) covers in nearly equal proportions "Titles" (covering British orders of knighthood), "Peerage Law," and "Orders of Chivalry & Decorations of Honour." The last of these three chapters surveys many countries besides the United Kingdom, but duplicates some matters in the chapter on "Titles." The third section of 17 pages, is called "The Clan System," and discusses the Highland clans an contradistinction to those of the Lowlander families. Thirteen items which Mr. Pine thought worthy of extended comment appear in his notes, beginning on page 309. They are followed by his two glossaries, a quite extensive heraldic one, and a short genealogical one ; The index is disappointingly incomplete. In spite of the shortcomings noted, this is a very useful book for anyone who plans to extend his interest in genealogy to the British Isles, particularly to England. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. Research in Archives: The Use of Unpublished Primary Sources, (Chicago: Uruversity of Chicago Press, 1969. xi, By Philip C. Brooks. 127 p. Bibliography, index. $5.75.) This little book is a how-to-do-it work written by an archivist, printarily for students of history. It explains to them how to find and use archival material, what to expect in various types of collections, and ways in which collections may be assembled and filed. Though there are occasional mentions of genealogical data, the accent is on primary material, vital records, records of busmesses, governments, diaries, letters and other manuscript material. A person who seeks only to copy a pedigree made by someone else which now is part of a manuscript collection will not receive help or guidance from this book. However, a genealogist who is researching facts and data to build a sound pedigree from original source material can profit greatly by a careful reading of what Mr. Brooks has to say, and by following ha advice. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR•